Guest article by DP Rangan

(We started the New Year with our tiny friends – birds – introduced to us by a scholarly guest article by Shalan Lal. At the other end of the spectrum, the large species Horse has been even more integral to us through the history. And introducing these beautiful animals is this erudite article by DP Rangan through Bollywood’s love affair with the Horse.

Mr Rangan is a latecomer to the SoY, but he has made his presence felt by his active engagement and informative comments. He is diligently devouring the previous posts of SoY, and like Shalan writes to me long mails on various topics. From his mails I have gathered that after retirement from government service long ago he has become a globe trotter, spending time with his sons who are settled abroad and touching home in Delhi periodically. Well over seventy, he joins the senior brigade of SoY, but has the enthusiasm of a teenager. We are fortunate to have grand opening by two guest authors at the beginning of the year, and I am sure we are going to see many more from them. Welcome Mr Rangan formally at the top line and thanks a lot for this excellent piece. – AK)

Bachpan ke dinHorse is no stranger to us bipeds and its life is closely interwoven with that of humans. As an utilitarian they have no equals. They served mankind, albeit unwillingly as mounts, beasts of burden, plough draggers, stagecoach haulers, Victoria pullers, transporting royals and dignitaries to name a few.

 

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A tribute on Mahendra Kapoor’s 82nd birth anniversary (9 January 1934 – 27 December 2008)

Mahendra KapoorI have made a number of discoveries during my association with SoY. I mentioned some in my last anniversary post. But the most startling discovery I have not yet mentioned – we are now aware of at least two persons on this planet who are deeply fond of Mahendra Kapoor. So this post is also dedicated to the readers KS Bhatiaji and Arvinder Sharmaji who have declared their great liking for MK, so much so that they would have preferred some well-known songs of Rafi in MK’s voice. Bhatiaji takes the cake for remembering Mahendra Kapoor on the recent birth anniversary of Rafi.  Now we find that Hans, too, has very courageously declared his fondness for him, though he wound not go as far as to put him at par with Rafi.

 

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An aviary of Songs

1 January 2016

Bird-watch in the Songs of Yore

Wishing Happy New Year to all the readers with guest article by Shalan Lal

(Once upon a time there were birds around us and they were a part of our lives, songs, mtyths and legends. When the crow cawed we knew it was advance intimation of a guest coming; when the koel cooed in the monsoon rains it pierced the heart of the lonely lady pining for her lover who was away; when the papiha sang far away the lovers knew the night was only half left; when Shakaracharya heard a parrot uttering deeply metaphysical aphorisms like स्वतः प्रमाणं परतः प्रमाणम्‌ he knew he had reached the house of Pandit Mandan Mishra; and when Valmiki heard the heart-rending cry of a crane whose partner was killed by a hunter’s arrow during mating, from his grief-stricken heart came out the first verse of the mankind that made him the आदि कवि.

If you think about it, the once familiar birds are becoming rarer. Songs of Yore heralds the New Year remembering these birds with this guest article by Shalan Lal. Shalan has discovered SoY late, but has since become its avid follower. Besides the very learned comments she posts on the blog, she often sends me long comments as she catches up with the old posts when she feels these may appear outdated on the blog. Our interaction has led to several interesting ideas that can develop into articles. While we were discussing some other topics, I was pleasantly surprised to get this beautifully written piece in mail.

Shalan is based in London where she works with women’s issues. She is widely travelled, she has had academic association with the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London and some other universities. Her interests range from politics to literature to religion. This article bears out her wide-ranging inetersts and international outlook.

Thank you Shalan for this article and welcome to SoY as a guest author. – AK)

BirdThis is a bird’s eye view of the Songs of Yore over the Hindi films. In the English culture often the word Bird was used for a young girl by the male youths in the sixties and seventies. I was young then. There were other words for the young girls used in those days as well for example “a doll”, a babe and the vulgar term “a crumpet” as well. There could be more.

 

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Wishing Merry Christmas to all with a tribute to Naushad, Rafi and Noorjehan

I heralded 2015 with Naushad’s Crown Jewel, Rattan (1944), and decided to celebrate the year as The Year of Naushad. I cannot think of a better way to conclude the year than to remember his next Priceless Moment in his career, Anmol Ghadi, which came two years later. A blockbuster of its times, it is the only movie which links Naushad with two other greats together – his would-be most favourite male singer, Rafi, and the reigning actor-singer of the era, Noorjehan. Naushad, Rafi and Noorjehan are also linked in an incredibly eerie way – Rafi was born on 24 December (1924), Noorjehan’s death anniversary falls on December 23 (2000) and Naushad’s birth anniversary falls on December 25 (1919). If you believe Raju Bharatan, Naushad was actually born on December 24, but he chose December 25 as his ‘official’ birthday for better optics (Naushdanama). Had the shared birth anniversaries something to do with Naushad, later, firmly settling for Rafi even after tasting great success with Mukesh and Talat Mahmood? And the contra-anniversaries, with the fact that Anmol Ghadi remained Naushad’s first and the last work with Noorjehan? Though the film links the three greats, ironically Rafi did not have a duet with Noorjehan – with Surendra being the singing star of the film, there was no occasion for such a duet (though they would have a duet a year later in Jugnu – Yahan badla wafa ka bewafaai ke siwa kya hai – but that was composed by Firoz Nizami, who was also among those who migrated to Pakistan along with Noorjehan).
 

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C Ramchandra as Chitalkar

14 December 2015

C RamchandraIn the Naushad-C Ramchandra duel I have presented through the year, both seem to be evenly matched so far in spite of my known partiality towards Naushad. But as Chitalkar, the singer, CR has no competition from Naushad. As the year draws to a close, continuing the series on the Year of Naushad (with C Ramchandra in tandem), I present the songs of CR as a singer. He sang most of his songs as Chitalkar, mostly composed by himself, but he has also sung for other music directors, such as Mir Saheb (Lal Haveli, 1944), Anil Biswas (Jwar Bhata, 1944; Veena, 1948), Husnlal-Bhagatram (Apni Chhaya, 1950), Hemant Kumar (Samrat, 1954; Lagan, 1955), Roshan (Baraati, 1954), Usha Khanna (Faisla, 1965), Laxmikant-Pyarelal (Chhaila, 1967) etc.

 

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NaushadIt is well known that Naushad zoomed off in an orbit of his own with Rattan (1944). He had debuted four years earlier as independent music director with Prem Nagar (1940). To be exact, his first recorded song was Bata do koi kaun gali more Shyam in the voice of Leela Chitnis for Kanchan (1941), but because of some rift with that film’s team he had to leave it after recording this song and the remaining songs were composed by Gyan Dutt. Kanchan’s release got delayed and, thus, Prem Nagar became his first film. Before Rattan, Naushad did over a dozen films, having over 120 songs. You may ask, is it worthwhile to discuss his pre-Rattan songs?

 

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The SoY Award for the Best Music Director goes to?

Babul_Bawre Nain_Jogan_Arzoo_Sargam_NiralaThis year’s detailed review had more songs (152) than in any preceding year, and I had hoped that this would cover most of the noteworthy songs. Nevertheless, the readers added a large number of songs in the comments. This shows that there are a number of persons spread all over the world, who are deeply passionate about old Hindi film music and who consider it worthwhile to spend hours and hours reminiscing about songs, looking for them on the YT, and sharing their favourite songs and their thoughts on the SoY. This vindicates that my laborious exercise is, after all, not futile. We discover some forgotten or unknown gems, get new insights and become more aware of difference in tastes. I have to thank all the readers deeply for their valuable comments, which enrich the exercise and help me in my Wrap Ups. The Final Wrap Up is a distillation of the Overview post and the four Wrap Ups: Wrap Up 1 on the best male solos, Wrap Up 2 on the best ‘other’ female solos, Wrap Up 3 on the best Lata Mangeshkar songs and Wrap Up 4 on the best duets.

Our master statistician Venkataramanji continued to help us with the detailed data analysis. This year’s number of songs in the Select List (of memorable songs) in relation to the total number of songs in the year compares as follows with the previous years:

 Year

Select List
No. of songs (films)
Total
No. of songs (films)
1950 152 (50) 1000-1050 (114-117)
1951 144 (41)  840 (97)
1953 93 (37)  850 (98)
1955 84 (26)  1075 (124)

(The figures in italics given by me, based on HFGK and some estimation)

What does the above table show? One is the trivial part, that this year’s Select List represents 6% increase over 1951, 63% over 1953 and 81% over 1955. The more important part is the ratio with the total number of songs. Venkataramanji has estimated that there are no information or links for about 200-250 songs. If you take that out, even my large Select List comprises only 19% of the total songs. If you add the songs mentioned by the readers, we are talking about 25% of the total songs, which can be called worthy of notice and second hearing. My guess is that even at that time those songs would have sunk without notice. One wonders why all this fuss in our films to have ten songs. I like the current crop of films at least on the count that they have de-emphasised the importance of music. They are satisfied if they can hit one or two item songs.

A remarkable work has been done by our Ashokji (Ashok M Vaishnav) in taking the yearwise review to another level on his blog. Taking my overview post as the base, he has done micro analysis on various singer-MD combinations, as only he could do. He has done about two dozen posts, and for the convenience of the readers he has prepared a meta-summary of his work and put it on Google drive in pdf format. This is an invaluable archival material, and becomes a very important complement to my reviews on SoY.

To recapitulate, the prominent MDs are well-known. C Ramchandra was very prolific with the number of films, and consequently songs which are not only extremely popular to this day, but also of a very high quality. The roll call of Nirala, Samadhi, Sangeeta, Sangram and Sargam speaks of his prowess. The Great Mughal Naushad had a fetish for perfection and did less number of films compared to his other peers. But his two films, Babul and Daastan are enough to put him up at the top. The doyen of the earlier generation Anil Biswas gives some of his best music in Arzoo, Beqasoor and Lajawab. SD Burman with his two films Afsar and Mashal makes a mark. Roshan with his Bawre Nain, a year after his disastrous debut (with Neki Aur Badi), creates an all-time masterpiece, and if the best score in a film was the criteria, Bawre Nain would be many readers’ choice.

Bulo C Rani’s Jogan too belongs to the class of all-time great scores. There were some more. A song from Wafa made it to the best duet category. We discovered at least three songs from his unreleased film Rasiya, which instantly charmed everyone.

Vinod, now consigned to among forgotten composers, creates outstanding music in Anmol Ratan, three songs from which made to the bests in different Wrap Ups.

Talking of numbers, Husnlal-Bhagatram have the maximum number of films (7) in my Select List: Aadhi Raat, Apni Chhaya, Biraha Ki Raat, Chhoti Bhabhi, Gauna, Meena Bazaar and Sartaj. Several of their songs figure in the Wrap Ups.

A question has arisen whether it is possible to determine an overall ‘best’ song(s). We have two extreme views. Anu does not believe in such ‘bests’. Dinesh, at the other end, believes that not only we should have category-wise bests, but overall best or the ‘Sartaj’ song of the year. Most of us are in between – that it makes sense to talk of category-wise list of best songs, but doing an overall ‘best’ is probably not possible. Without taking any side, let me put at one place a table of the four best tens in different categories. Over to Dinesh to come up with the best overall song.

Rank Male solos

‘Other’ female solos

Lata Mangeshkar solos

Duets

1

 Ae dil mujhe aisi jagah le chal

Jogi mat ja

Matwale nainowale ki main wari wari jaaun

Yaad aanewale        phir yaad aa rahe hain

2

 Teri duniya mein dil lagata nahi

Man mor hua matwala

Mehfil mein jal uthi shama

Shikwa tera main gaaun

3

Jab kisi ke rukh pe zulfein

Nain deewane

Koi kisi ka deewana na bane

Duniya badal gayi meri duniya badal gayi

4

Mera jeevan sathi bichhad gaya

Ghunghat ke pat khol re

Aisi mohabbat se hum baaj aaye

Khayalon mein kisis ke is tarah aya nahi karate

5

Preet laga ke maine ye sukh paya

Chhod babul ka ghar

Hans hans ke mere chain pe bijli giraye ja

Manwa mein pyar dole

6

Aa ja nigaahon mein aa ja

Sun bairi balam kuchh bol re

Lagan more man ki balam nahi jaane

O mahi O dupatta mora de de

7

Akele mein wo ghabarate to honge

Ambua ki dari pe bole re koeliya

Bhool ja ae dil

Kah do humein na beqaraar kare

8

Upar gagan vishal

Mori atariya pe kaga bole

Abhi shaam aayegi nikalenge taare

Zamaane ka dastoor hai ye purana

9

Unki nazaron se koi nazarein mila ke poochhe

Rakhati hun main tera pyar

Unhe hum jo dil se bhulaane lage

Armaan bhara dil toot gaya

10

Dukh se bhara hua hai dil

Biraha ki raat mose

Dil hi to hai tadap gaya

Gore gore O baanke chhore

 

A useful exercise I did last year was to compile the MD-wise distribution of the above songs. Here is the table showing which MD accounts for how many of the ‘best’ songs in different categories.

Music Director  Male solos ‘Other’ female solos Lata Mangeshkar Duets  Total
1.  C Ramchandra          –         –            4         1           5
2. Anil Biswas          1          –            2         1          4
3. Naushad          1         1            1         1          4
4. Bulo C Rani         –         2            1         1          4
5. Husnlal-Bhagatram         –         –            1         2          3
6. SD Burman         1         2            –         –          3
7. Roshan         1         1            –         1          3
8. Vinod         1         –           –         2          3
9. Vasant Desai         1         2           –         –          3
10. Madan Mohan         1         1           –         –          2
11.  Khemchand Prakash         1         –          –        –          1
12. Khayyam (Sharmaji)         1         –          –        –          1
13. Sajjad Husain         –         –           1         –          1
14. Wadhawa         1         –            –         –          1
15. Azeez Hindi          –          1            –         –          1
16. AR Qureshi          –          –            –          1          1
Total      10         10         10       10       40

 

Some observations from the above table are self-evident.  Naushad is the only music director present in all categories, though from only one film Babul.  We know that his musical landmarks had almost all the ten odd songs superhits.  While no MD accounts for more than one male solo, Lata Mangeshkar  has distinct CR-concentration, he accounting for four of the ten.

If we look at the readers’ choices, the outliers are Jignesh’s Vinod and SSW’s Sajjad Husain. Rest everyone is more conventional. Arvind’s choice for the best MD is SD Burman for Afsar. Ashokji’s choice for the best score in a film is Roshan’s Bawre Nain (however, his best overall MD is C Ramchandra), Arunji’s is C Ramchandra for Sargam, some have chosen Naushad for Babul or Bulo C Rani for Jogan. But most have considered the overall best MD in the year (and not for a particular film), and the generally agreed choice is C Ramchandra. No one can fault that. His dominance is also borne out by the table above.

I have to make three special mentions: Roshan for Bawre Nain, Vinod for Anmol Ratan and Bulo C Rani for his Jogan and the unreleased film Rasiya, for reasons I have mentioned in the beginning.

In conclusion:

The SoY Award for the Best Music Director goes to C Ramchandra.

SoY special mention: Roshan, Vinod and Bulo C Rani

Note: Hans has mentioned that ‘Rasiya’ does not belong to 1950, but probably some indeterminate year about mid-50s. Even if we exclude this, and replace its Lata song in the list by C Ramchandra or Anil Biswas, the outcome does not change.

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Songs of Yore Award for the Best Duet goes to? (Wishing Happy Diwali to everyone)

1950 filmsHans recently commented in some other context that duets generally create less impact than solos. This is certainly true of tennis where the doubles players are not counted in the same league as Federers and Djokovics. In the olden days before the open era, it was quite common for the top ranking players (think of John Newcombe and Tony Roche) to be at the top both in singles and doubles. I have mentioned earlier that often the contrasting voices make duets extremely charming. Duets also provide more opportunity to the music director for innovation.

 

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A tribute to SD Burman on his 40th death anniversary (1 October 1906-31 October 1975)

SD BurmanMusic evokes strong emotions. Therefore, it is natural that SoY has seen serious difference of views on songs, singers, music directors and a whole host of related issues. But none has been as sharp as mine with Dinesh’s. It is beyond my comprehension that anyone could be as dismissive of Naushad as he has been. Further, very often he ‘does not care much for’ the songs I have posted. He very graciously ascribes this to the difference in personal tastes. But there has been something more basic on which our views are diametrically opposite.

 

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(After the overview post on the Best songs of 1950, I have written Wrap Up on the best male solos, and Wrap Up on the best female solos by ‘other’ singers.  Continuing the series, here is the third Wrap Up on the best songs of Lata Mangeshkar. – AK)

Songs of Yore Award for the Best Female Playback Singer goes to Lata Mangeshkar (?)

Lata MangeshkarIn the three previous yearwise reviews for 1955, 1953 and 1951, the announcement of the Best Female Playback Singer of the Year was an exultant, “The Award goes to Lata..Lata…Lata..Lata Mangeshkar”. This year we had some very strong voices questioning her invincible superiority, though, by and large, she remained the overwhelming favourite for the best female playback singer. Most readers took the trouble of giving separate lists of her best and the best of “other” female singers, as well as a combined list, which had on the average about 4-5 of her songs, and the rest by the others, she, of course, being rated as the overall best. However, in a democracy, minority voices are equally important. The dissent is very categorical, and quite interesting. Therefore, this year’s announcement is suffixed with a question mark in parenthesis.

 

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